First of all, the stock calipers, even though the are pretty crude cast iron and are of a 50 year+ technology, are as far as I know, still very good brakes. I have Stainless Steel Brake Corporation (SSBC) aluminum calipers that are direct replacements for the Delco cast iron calipers. SSBC is pretty expensive and I think the less expensive Wilwood aluminum replacements for the Delco's are now popular. SSBC makes a bigger caliper for C3's but you have to have 16 inch wheels (17"?) for these to mount. The now crude cast iron Delco calipers were used very successfully at Le Mans and Daytona.
I'd think that stock rotor diameters with modern aluminum calipers would be just great for any C3. My guess is that you'd have to be on the far edge of road racing to need better performance. ...My opinion, I do realize the brake systems I've mentioned are not ABS.
I have SSBC aluminum calipers on my 68 with stock rotors. I don't have power brakes,... manual. Braking is just amazing as far as I can tell. There's a lot to do with upgrading a C3 for today's technology...new engine...5 or 6 speed transmission, upgraded suspension (composite springs), ...........but the stock iron calipers and rotors are more than capable for almost everyone's performance driving. Get the aluminum calipers, with no real improvement in braking, and enjoy the technology boost.